Slide the puzzle piece into place and click Submit to verify you're human.
In short, they each try to stop different threats. CAPTCHA (allegedly) stands for:
"Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart."CAPTCHAs are meant to deter bots from doing shady stuff on a website, as they can do a number of things much faster than any human can do with a keyboard and mouse. CAPTCHAs could be very useful on any sort of merchandise drop website. Whether for in-demand concert tickets or a new shoe, bots can snag items in bulk faster than any human. Sadly, many bots are getting advanced enough to solve CAPTCHAs on their own. However, I believe that only creates a greater need for more advanced and secure CAPTCHAs.
2FA is meant to deter actual people. With 2FA, if a person gets ahold of login details, it isn't the end of the world. Not only would they need to know a username and password, which may be found in data leaks of private databases, but also the name of your childhood pet, which for most people is nowhere to be found on the internet. 2FA offers deeper security in the situation that your data has been compromised.